The discovery was made mainly by detecting decays of the new particle into two photons or two Z bosons (each of which decay into a pair of electrons or muons), for which the invariant mass can be reconstructed with high resolution. The event has an invariant mass of 125.46 GeV and per-event mass uncertainty of 1.13 GeV. Bottom: a candidate event from CMS in 2018 for a Higgs boson produced via the gluon fusion mode, decaying into a pair of muons (red lines).
In addition, four jets (cones) are reconstructed, including one (blue) that is b-tagged. The event contains one electron candidate (green line) and two photon candidates (green towers) with a diphoton mass of 125.2 GeV. Higgs encounters Top: a candidate event recorded by ATLAS in 2017 for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a top quark pair, with the Higgs boson decaying to a photon pair. Within three years of the LHC startup, the two experiments detected a signal consistent with a Higgs boson with a mass of about 125 GeV, which was perfectly consistent with indications from precision measurements carried out at the electron–positron colliders LEP and SLC, and at the Tevatron proton–antiproton collider.
The LHC and its two general-purpose experiments were designed and built, among other things, with the aim of detecting or ruling out the SM Higgs boson. On 4 July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations jointly announced their independent discoveries of a new particle directly related to the Brout–Englert–Higgs field that gives mass to all other particles in the Standard Model (SM). But as Marco Pieri and Guillaume Unal explain, there is much more to learn about this unique particle. Ten years of experimental scrutiny by ATLAS and CMS strongly suggest the Higgs boson originates from the minimal Higgs sector required by the Standard Model.
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